Improvement in plow mold-boards



2 sheet's sheefh" L. P. RIDER.

Improvement in Plow Mold-Boards. No. 114,044; PatentedAp'rHZBJBH.

2 Sheets--Sheet 2.

L. P. RIDER.

improvement in Plow Mold-Board's. N0. 4,044. Patented April25.187l.

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UNTTE STATES PATENT Cl rion.

LEBIAX .lr. RIDER, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND JAMES MARSHALL, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLOW MOLD-BOARDS.

Specification formingpart of Lcltels Patent X0. 114.044, dated April 25,1571; aniedated April 12, 1871.

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, LmmN l. RIDER, of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvementin Constructing Plow Mold-Boards and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

My invention relates to mold-boards of plows, (as patented to me in England, July 25, 1867 and my object is to produce a moldhoard which will operate with a minimum-of friction and a maximum of accuracy in turning the furrow.

This invention consists in making the moldboards of plows of such a shape that the grade of the board will be atrue inclined plane from the point to the extreme end of the wing where the greatest height of the plane terminates, at a point from the ground equal to the width of this plow, which may be supposed to be one foot.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is an outside view of the mold-board. Fig. 2 is a top view of the same. Fig. 8 is a front end view of the mold-hoard. Fig. i is an inside view of the same. Fig. is an end view, and Fig. 6 is a diagram.

The inclined plane above referred to is indicated by the dotted line A, Fig. 1., and the greatest height by the dotted line B. If the vertical line, which is at right angles with the bottom or sole of the plow, or rather with the dotted line C, be carried along toward the point of the plow, with the upper end all the time following the grade of the inclined line A, it will be found to strike the face of the board along the entire length of the line; or should the back of a square be placed against the base-line O, and the tongue of the square he allowed to reach the top of the board, (and thus moved along,) it will be found to strike the entire face of the mold-board, and will describe a curve, D, Fig. 2, which will form the upper edge of the board. Another curve, IE, will form the colter-edge, Fig. 1, which will be indicated by laying a straigllt edge upon the inclined line A. The straight-edge will touch the board the entire length of the line, or from the extreme end of the wing at the point a to the point 7). Thus the lifting-power of the plow will be a true and uniform grade or inclined plane from the point b to the point a, a being the extreme height of the plane. It will be seen by this that the shape of the mold-board is thus governed by the straight line A'of a central inclined plane. This will be illustrated by the diagram Fig/6, which is supposed to be a block of wood of the width 'of the plow, and the edge of which is of the shape of the figure inclosed by the dotted lines in Fig. 1.

The parallel lines of the diagram F Frepresent the sides of the plow, the line F corresponding to the dotted line Gin Fig. 1, and F to the line of thelandside. From the point I) of the diagram,which is the top of the share, and when measured from that point across is the true width of the plow, is drawn the line H, and from some point on this line is described the are I. The curve of this are is determined by the length of the diagonal line J, which, experience has shown, should exceed in length the width of the plow about onefourth. For ordinary plowing in hard stiff soils, a larger curve is required; hence the diagonal must be lengthened. Therefore it will intersect the line F farther from the line H. \Vhatever the length may be, K is always taken as the point from which to describe the arc, which is drawn from some poiiit on the line H, striking from the point K to the point .G also. K is always taken as the point from which to draw the line L, which line corresponds with the dotted line A in Fig. 1, the central grade line.

Having thus established the rule of lines by which the shape of the mold-board is obtained, the application of the same is as follows: First, the corner of the block M is cut down to the line I. This gives the curve of the board at N Fig. 2; then all the wood is cut away between the lines L and I and the line F downward to the lower side of the block, or to an edge, care fully preserving the line L, as it is the central grade line and by which the shape of the mold-board is governed. If this cutting has been properly done, the back of a square, if

placed on the line F, (let the line H be sup- I right, and then, by an easy geometrical conposed to be such square,) will, if moved along in either direction toward the point and following the dotted line,be found to strike both lines L and I, and at the same time touch all the board between them; .or, in other Words, the tongue of the square will rest on the face of the board from line to line, and if the square be moved in the opposite direction, (still retaining the back of the square against the line F,) it will be found to strike the line L and all the board between the lines. At the point where the line L intersects the line F the square comes to a perpendicular to the baseline of the plow. From this point onward the direction of the curve is changed, and is now outward from the plow, forming the wing or throw of the mold-board. By this it will be seen that the curving of the board is governed by straight lines, (the lines Land F,) the line F being the ruling-line, all the board between the point x and the point K being the lifting-grade of the plow, as shown at 0, Fig. 2, 0, Fig. f, being the opposite side of 0,) and all the board beyond the point 00 being the wing or throw of the plow, (shown at P,Fig.4,) the op-' posite side of which is shown at I Fig. 2. The distance the wing or throw of the board curves beyond the width of the plow is governed by the depth of the furrow. Should the plow be calculated for plowing eight inches deep, the throw of the wing is set off' at ten inches, allowing two inches for throwing the furrow beyond its vertical position.

Thus far has been described only the section embraced below line A, Fig. 1. The upper section is governed by the same rule of lines by which the lower section has been formed. Apply the square as before, (allowing it to extend above the line A,) and it will be found that the tongue of the square will describe the curve E, Fig. 1, and the curve of the wing D, Fig. 2that is to say, if the back of the square be placed against the dotted line C, Fig. 1, and the tongue allowed to fall on the mold-board, it will follow the curves E and D, at the same time touch the board at all points between them, as above stated. By this shaped board the lilting of the furrow is on an inclined plane, which is uniform in grade from the point to the end of the wing. The moldboa'rd thus described is adapted to the plowing of stiff hard soils, requiring sharp and thin plows.

Mold-boards for lighter soils are construct ed onthe same general principle of a central grade, but slightly. modified. In order to illustrate the application of the rule to this kind of plows, reference will again be had to the diagram. In light soils it is necessary to shorten the plow, in order to obtain a shorter curving of the mold-board. To do this we change the governing-line L, which, as above said, corresponds with the line A in. Fig. 1, from-a straight into a curved line, S, Fig. 6; By setting off, at the point 7, the chamber f .h: of such length'as may be judged the nearest struction, the center is found, from which a circular arc can be stretched through thethree points, K 71. z. The construction of the moldboard then proceeds as before, carefully preserving the curved line S until the same result is produced-viz., that discovered bythe use of the square as applied to the base-line C, Fig. 1, or as applied to the line F of the diagram. It will be found to conform to the line of central grade, the grade being in this case more abrupt and shorter, which is the object desired; hence by this means can be obtained any length of mold-board and of any desired grade, according to the nature of the soil, at the same time preserving the general principle of the central grade line.

Of the many advantages derivedfrom this peculiar mold-board may be inst-anced the following a large. reduction of friction on the land side, also at the heel of the moldboard. The beam is nearly in a straight line with the land side; hence the draft of the plow will be more direct, thereby avoiding the side draft common to many plows. By the application of this rule of lines a plow can be con structed to suit any kind of soil, giving to the edge of the plow a position for shaving or scraping, as the nature of the ground may re quire. It also raises the furrow to its edge without any abrupt changes of direotion,over a uniform and direct inclined plane, thereby preventing any unnecessary twisting or turn ing or breaking. The lifting of the furrow is effected by the uppercurve of the moldboard, so that the purchase or leverage is applied to the land side of the furrow, and is thereby more easily raised or-turned from a. horizontal to a vertical position.

Another improvement consists in the application of a gage corresponding in thickness to the depth of furrow required, such gage being moved 011 a certain base-line at the bottom of a vertical plane which is parallel with the land side of the plow and touches the rear end of the mold-board, so that a blade attached to the gage and in contact with the face of the mold-board will, 'as the gage is moved along and reaches a central point, c Fig. '7, cause the latter to turn or move outward on its out: er edge, the gage, previous to reaching such point, turning on its inner edge, and being in a vertical position when it reaches the point a*. The pattern for the mold-board, if made from this movement of the gage, will cause the mold-board in practice to turn a furrow corresponding precisely to the turningmovement of the gage, and of a depth corresponding to the thickness of the same, which may be varied or changed for different plows, as circumstances may require.

Fig. 7 is a plan or top view of the mold. board, and Fig. 8 is a front View of the same.

A is the mold-board, and B' abase-line parallellwith the land side of the plow and atthe bottom of. a vertical plane, which just touches 'the extreme rear of the mold-board, as indicated at b or is set off from the mold-board a distance equal to the thickness of furrow required.

O is a gage, the thickness of which is made to correspond with the desired depth of furrow designed to be turned by themold-board. This gage has a blade, D, attached to it at right angles with the bottom or base of the gage. This gage is moved along with the outer edge of its base in contact with the base-line B, and the mold-boardis or must be of such a form that its blade D will be in contact with its whole width or depththat is to say, every part of the inner edge of the blade Will be in contact with the mold-board from the lever to the upper edge thereof. At the commencement of the movement of the gage, which is from the point of the share, the gage rests upon the inner edge of the same, and in the progress of its movement it gradually assumes a vertical position, which is attained at the central point, a and from this point the gage turns outward on the outer edge of the base.

The pattern being made in such a manner that the conditions of the movement of the gage, as described, will be fulfilled, a moldboard may be obtained to plow a furrow of any required depth.

Having now described all that is necessary to a clear and full understanding of my invention, what I esteem to be new, and desire to protect by Letters Patent, is-- The mold-board constructed with the grade of the board in a true inclined plane extending from the point to the extreme end of the wing, and with the greatest height of said plane equal to the width of the plow, as and for the purpose described.

LEMAN P. RIDER.

Vii-messes:

J. H. IIILLERMAN, O. H. LOVE. 

